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Arthur Griffith ((アイルランド語:Art Ó Gríobhtha); 31 March 1872 – 12 August 1922) was an Irish politician and writer, who founded and later led the political party Sinn Féin. He served as President of Dáil Éireann from January to August 1922, and was head of the Irish delegation at the negotiations in London that produced the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, attending with Michael Collins.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mr. Arthur Griffith )〕 ==Early life== Arthur Griffith was born at 61 Upper Dominick Street, Dublin, Ireland on 31 March 1872, of distant Welsh lineage, and was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers. He worked for a time as a printer before joining the Gaelic League, which was aimed at promoting the restoration of the Irish language. His father had been a printer on ''The Nation'' newspaper—Griffith was one of several employees locked out in the early 1890s due to a dispute with a new owner of the paper. The young Griffith was a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). He visited South Africa from 1897 to 1898, after the defeat and death of Charles Stewart Parnell whose more moderate views he had initially supported, while recovering from tuberculosis. There he supported the Boers against British expansionism and was a strong admirer of Paul Kruger. In 1899, on returning to Dublin, he co-founded the weekly ''United Irishman'' newspaper with his associate William Rooney, who died in 1901. On 24 November 1910, Griffith married his fiancée, Maud Sheehan, after a fifteen-year engagement; they had a son and a daughter. Griffith's fierce criticism of the Irish Parliamentary Party's alliance with British Liberalism was heavily influenced by the anti-Liberal rhetoric of Young Irelander John Mitchel. Griffith made a number of highly controversial statements and opinions. He defended anti-semitic rioters in Limerick, and denounced socialists and pacifists as conscious tools of the British Empire. Griffith also supported movements seeking national independence from the British Empire in Egypt and India and wrote a highly critical description of the British government action at Matabele. Despite his opposition to communism and socialism, he sometimes worked with James Connolly, who also supported Irish nationalism.〔http://www.historyireland.com/volumes/volume6/issue1/reviews/?id=113342 〕 In September 1900, he established an organisation called ''Cumann na nGaedheal'' ("Society of Gaels") to unite advanced nationalist/separatist groups and clubs. In 1903 he set up the National Council to campaign against the visit to Ireland of King Edward VII and his consort Alexandra of Denmark.〔Irish Leaving cert history textbook; Movements for Political and Social Reform 1870–1914.〕 A group led by Michael Grace, Mr. Bartley, Mr. Charles Fox, Mr. Liam Sheridan, and Mr. Michael Galligan of Old Castle realized that the that the "United Irishmen" was not selling very well. They decided to form their own newspaper. When the first issue was due to go for printing, they still did not have a name for the paper. Michael Grace wrote the leading article which set out the objects of the paper. He titled the paper "Sinn Féin". He had received the inspiration from the fact that they were a very small band who was trying to do something alone. Liam Sheridan saw the heading and stated, "That is the name." The paper was published monthly and sold for one penny. They continued publishing for approximately two years. The small band of publishers became known as the Sinn Féiners. The RIC eventually seized the paper and confiscated most of the copies. Arthur Griffith took up the name shortly thereafter with the permission of the small group from Old Castle.〔Roinn Cosanta Bureau of Military History, 1912-21 Statement by Witness "Michael Grace" close associate of Arthur Griffith. Document no. W.S. 931〕 In 1907, this organisation merged with Sinn Féin and a number of others movements to form the Sinn Féin League (Irish for "Ourselves"). In 1906, after the ''United Irishman'' journal collapsed because of a libel suit, Griffith refounded it under the title ''Sinn Féin''; it briefly became a daily in 1909 and survived until its suppression by the British government in 1914, after which it was sporadically revived as the nationalist journal, ''Nationality''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Griffith」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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